Beginning guitarists need to understand the fundamental layout of their instrument if they wish to eventually master it. This article will serve as a quick overview of the guitar finger board.
Overview
The guitar has six strings. The strings are tuned, from lowest string to highest string as follows:
6th string = E
5th string = A
4th string = D
3rd string = G
2nd string = B
1st string = E
The neck of the guitar is divided along its length by metal bars called frets. These frets are set at half step intervals or notes of the chromatic scale. The 12th fret is exactly one octave above the open or unfretted note. Above the 12th fret, the sequence of musical notes begins to repeat again.
For example: as I said earlier, an open (non-fretted) 6th string will sound an E note. If we fret the 1st fret on the 6th string, it will produce an F note. Continuing, the first 5 notes (moving from the open string through the 1st four frets) on the 6th string are: E, F, F#/Gb, G and G#/Ab. If we move up to the 12th fret of the 6th string we, once again, get the same note sequence: E, F, F#/Gb, G and G#/Ab. However, this series of notes are one octave above the previous sequence of notes.
Guitar Tuning System
The guitar is mostly tuned in perfect fourths. What this means is that, in most cases, adjacent strings are musically 2½ steps apart. (Remember, a whole step is two frets and a half step is one fret; so 2½ steps would be 5 frets). So if we start on our low E (6th) string and move up 2 1/2 steps, we end up at the 5th fret. This happens to be an A note-the same note as the 5th string.
Remember I said “mostly” tuned in perfect fourths. The exception is the B to G interval which is a major third interval (two whole steps or four frets). And if this is true for open frets, it is also true anywhere along the neck. In other words, if I fret two notes in the 10th fret on the B and G strings (A and F); they will be a major third apart. Likewise if I fret two notes on the B and G strings both in the same fret anywhere on the guitar, they will be a third apart.
Remember, I said B and G were the exception string-pair that are tuned in thirds. The rest of the adjacent strings are tuned in fourths. So if I finger any other two adjacent strings (other than B and G) in the same fret, they will always be a perfect fourth apart. This is true anywhere up and down the fret board
Summary
The guitar has six strings. From lowest to highest, the strings are tuned to the following notes: EADGBE. The 12th fret of the guitar is one octave above the open strings so the notes of the 12th fret are also EADGBE.
Most adjacent strings are tuned a perfect fourth (five half steps or frets) apart from each other. The exception to this is that the B and G strings are tuned a major third apart (four half steps or frets).
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Article Source:http://www.articlesbase.com/music-articles/learn-guitar-quick-guitar-fretboard-basics-1213305.html
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